He’s rich, handsome, hungry for ever new erotic conquests; she’s beautiful, poor, trusting, madly in love. They are the protagonists of a story as old as the world, its schematic structure verging on banality. However, it is a plot excellent for uplifting repetition by opera composers, and many before Puccini did copy it. The Italian composer tossed the story into Japanese surroundings, highlighting them with references to traditional music from the Land of Cherry Blossoms, only to completely abandon the “made in Japan” poetics elsewhere. Mariusz Treli?ski did much the same in his (large stage) opera debut, which could actually explain the great mystery of its spectacular success in Poland, the United States, Russia, Israel, Italy, Spain and Oman. Giving up realistic details but not that special Japanese atmosphere, the director – supported by Boris Kudli?ka’s phenomenal stage design – very subtly invoked the convention of Kabuki theatre but also Robert Wilson’s theatre and, finally, his own experience with film. This cultural melange of different arts and inspirations has resulted in a show of historical importance that in a way splits the contemporary history of Polish opera productions into what came before and what came after the premiere of Butterfly by Treli?ski and Kudli?ka.